Risk factors

Toxic shock syndrome can affect anyone. About half the cases of toxic shock syndrome associated with staphylococci bacteria occur in women of menstruating age; the rest occur in older women, men and children. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome occurs in people of all ages.

Toxic shock syndrome has been associated with:

• Having cuts or burns on your skin
• Having had recent surgery
• Using contraceptive sponges, diaphragms, superabsorbent tampons or menstrual cups
• Having a viral infection, such as the flu or chickenpox